Saturday, 19 October 2013

October 19th, 2013

This chap has got the world's most sensitive space-based X-ray observatory named after him. And a dimensionless number representing magnetic field. And a cosmological limit related to gravitational collapse which he was perhaps a decade ahead of time in discovering!

Born in an enlightened family - his uncle won a Nobel and his mother translated Ibsen's work into Tamil - he won a scholarship to study at Cambridge with the renowned Prof Ralph Fowler.
Thank goodness for the fact that he had nothing to do on the voyage to London that interested him, for he worked out the cosmological limit on the ship! He worked on it for the next half a decade and was advised by people like Paul Dirac, Fowler, Max Born and Niels Bohr. His work was made famous then for the wrong reason though, as the eminent astrophysicist Sir Arthur Eddington publicly criticised and ridiculed it - so strongly that many other physicists like Dirac and Wolfgang Pauli who supported the research remained largely silent.

The chap and his research was proved right later though, and created a lasting impact on the world of physics. So much that he got the Nobel mainly for it, more than 50 years after that voyage to London. Eddington's unfortunate treatment of his work that time was to be America's good fortune though, as the hurt young physicist sought work outside the UK, serving at the University of Chicago for half of a century since then, and even getting an offer to be a director at Princeton which he didn't take up.
In 60 years of career studying and teaching science and physics, the average age of his scores of co-authors always remained the same as what his age was when he had started the career - it is a remarkable proof of his enthusiasm to work with young aspiring students.

But perhaps very few tributes to the man come closer than what his own student at Chicago and that master of scientific story-telling - Carl Sagan - said about him - "I discovered what true mathematical elegance is from Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar".

Though I have read that he encouraged only those students who've completed their PhD to use his shortened name, and that he was 'Chandrasekhar' for the rest, I'll take the kind of liberty which NASA took when naming their X-ray telescope, out of fondness for the chap's contribution to our knowledge. Happy 103rd birthday Chandra!

Monday, 7 October 2013

October 7th, 2013

This chap has an anecdote associated with him which is probably fictitious, but has become a legend in its own sense, and definitely portrays accurately his aptitude in his chosen field, and his spirit of free-thinking.

He was failed in a school exam for answering the routine question about "how to measure the height of a tall building with a barometer", as "hang the barometer from the roof with a piece of string and measure the length of the string". When he challenged the result, arguing his answer is not essentially wrong, he was asked to meet an arbitrator who said the answer does not show knowledge of science or physics and so he'll need to provide a better answer, preferably more scientific. The student's response was -
"You should drop the barometer from the roof of the building, and measure the time it takes to hit the ground. Then using s = u.t + 0.5att, calculate 's' which is the height of the building. But that's bad luck on the barometer, so you can stand the barometer vertically on a clear sunny day, measure its length and the length of its shadow, measure the length of the shadow of the building, and then using the proportion compute the height of the building". Towards the end he added - "and of course if you want the usual boring orthodox way of doing this, measure the air pressure on the ground and on the roof and that should give you the height of the building".

Of course the chap needs no anecdotes to introduce him. His is unarguably one of the most breathtaking contributions to the golden era of physics, including being one of the founders of the quantum revolution. Apart from proposing a revolutionary new atomic model (for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1922, a year after his good friend Albert Einstein), he was instrumental in mentoring a generation of young physicists like Heisenberg and Pauli and making valuable contributions to quantum mechanics. A vast amount of study and research has been done by a large number of illustrious physicists in the institute named after him in his home country. His epistemological debates with Einstein are still a subject of a good amount of study.

Happy 128th birthday Niels Bohr!